Basics of Chromosomes, DNA, and Genes

 Basics of Chromosome, DNA, & Genes


Chromosomes, DNA, and genes are all related to the genetic makeup of living organisms.

Chromosomes are structures found in the nucleus of cells that contain genetic information in the form of DNA. They are made up of DNA and proteins and come in pairs. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46. Chromosomes can be seen under a microscope during cell division, where they condense and become visible as X-shaped structures.

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the genetic material that carries all the instructions for the development and function of all living organisms. It is a double-stranded helix made up of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA. The sequence of these nucleotides determines an organism’s unique genetic code.

Genes are segments of DNA that contain the instructions for making specific proteins. These proteins determine an organism’s traits, such as eye color or height. Humans have around 20,000-25,000 genes.





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